SLAP Lesions

A superior labral anterior posterior (SLAP) lesion is a tear where the biceps tendon meets the labrum. These tears are common in overhead sports; such as baseball, volleyball and pitching. The most common SLAP tear is referred to as a Type II lesion. In Type II lesions, the superior labrum and biceps anchor have pulled away from the superior glenoid tubercle.

How do SLAP lesions occur?

There are 2 main ways a SLAP lesion occurs. The first is due to a trauma or direct impact to the biceps. This can occur during the deceleration phase of throwing or in a car accident or fall. The second cause of a SLAP lesion is overuse. In this case, repetitive motion, such as throwing, can cause a tear. SLAP lesions are often seen in conjunction with a condition called GIRD (for more information on GIRD, see our recent post).

What are the symptoms?

•  Anterior shoulder pain
• Clicking or popping in the shoulder
• Decreased function
• Pain with overhead activities
• Decreased power/velocity in throwing

How is a SLAP lesion diagnosed?

To diagnose SLAP lesions, a physician will perform a number of physical tests to determine if the injury is present. In these tests, the physician will look for range of motion, pain level and overall function. After the physical exam, an MRI will normally be performed.

What is the Treatment?

SLAP tears can be treated conservatively at times, but can require surgical repair. When surgery is required, the procedure is performed arthroscopically. The repair is made using suture anchor techniques. If you suspect that you have a SLAP tear, it is important to contact your orthopedic surgeon.